• Calcium Stones – Calcium-based stones can be formed when you eat high-oxalate or low-calcium foods and do not drink enough fluids. Calcium-oxalate stones are the most common types of kidney stones.
• Uric Acid Stones – Eating animal protein (beef, poultry, pork, eggs and fish) can cause uric acid stones.
• Struvite Stones – Bacterial infection can cause struvite stones. Repeated infections can lead to a staghorn calculus, a very large kidney stone that usually requires surgical removal.
• Cystine Stones – A hereditary condition called cystinuria causes cystine stones. Cysteine is a substance made up of two cysteine amino acids bound together.

Symptoms:

• Severe pain – in the back, sides, or lower abdomen.
• Blood in urine – (hematuria) or cloudy urine.
• Burning sensation – or pain during urination.
• Frequent urge – to urinate
• Nausea and vomiting are associated – with severe discomfort.
• Fever and chills – if an infection is present.

Causes

• Dehydration – Not drinking enough water increases stone formation risk.
• Dietary factors – High intake of salt, animal protein, or oxalate-rich foods like spinach, nuts, and tea.
• Lifestyle factors – Obesity and sedentary habits contribute to stone development
• Genetics – Family history or rare genetic disorders such as cystinuria.
• Medical conditions – Gout, hyperparathyroidism, or metabolic disorders.
• Infections – Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) can trigger certain types of stones.